The heat sink of the LED is the key to the sustainable use of the LED. The light decay of the LED is related to the working time and current of the LED and the temperature of the LED when it is working. Under the correct working condition, the working life of LED can reach at least 50,000 hours. Generally, it is easy to reach 100,000 or even hundreds of thousands. However, once the ambient temperature is too high and the working current is too large, the life of the LED will drop sharply. , And even cause permanent damage.

In general low-power LED applications, you don’t need to consider heat dissipation. But at present, medium-power LEDs with a working current of 60-150mA have appeared. At this time, designers are required to consider the heat dissipation of the LED during normal operation. Fortunately, the outer diameter is 8mm. , A white-emitting LED with a working current of 150mA has thicker pins, which can basically use its sturdy pins for heat dissipation, but for larger power such as 1W and above 3W, 5W, or even more than 10W LEDs must Adding a heat sink is considered a normal working environment.

Most electronics enthusiasts know that after the PN junction semiconductor device is conducting, the junction voltage VF decreases with the increase in ambient temperature, that is: -2mv/℃, which is called the negative temperature effect of the PN junction. This feature can be used to make a temperature sensor , But this feature is a fatal flaw in luminous applications, directly affecting its luminous efficiency. Luminous brightness, luminous chromaticity. As a popular example, when the normal temperature is 25℃, the best LED working current is 20mA. When the ambient temperature rises to 85℃, the junction voltage VF decreases, the working current increases sharply to 35-37mA, and when the temperature drops to -40℃, the junction voltage VF increases. , The best working current will be reduced from 20mA to 8-10mA. The luminous brightness will also decrease with the decrease of the current, which can not reach the illumination required by the place.

In order to avoid the above-mentioned undesirable phenomena and enhance the service life of the LED, it is generally necessary to adopt some measures on LED-related products. If the LED is mounted on the heat sink, or the fan is cooled by air cooling, or the LED is powered by a constant current source, the current will not increase due to the rising temperature of the LED to prevent the vicious temperature of the PN junction, or use both methods.

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